In occasione della Giornata Mondiale della Biodiversità (22 maggio), l’associazione FederBio denuncia ancora una volta quanto l’uso sconsiderato dei pesticidi da parte dell’uomo sia causa principale della distruzione della biodiversità.
In un comunicato stampa diffuso in occasione della Giornata Mondiale della Biodiversità, FederBio esprime preoccupazione per i danni provocati a lombrichi e altri abitanti del terreno, alla base della salubrità e della fertilità dei terreni e pesantemente danneggiati dall’uso massiccio di pesticidi, . Un recente studio pubblicato su Environmental Science, traccia un quadro decisamente allarmante degli effetti dei pesticidi su oltre 275 specie di invertebrati che vivono prevalentemente nel suolo. Inoltre, i danni provocati dai pesticidi chimici si moltiplicano in modo esponenziale se si pensa che spesso nei terreni vengono utilizzate miscele di sostanze diverse.
Il pericolo per la biodiversità del suolo è al centro anche di un rapporto dell’Organizzazione delle Nazioni Unite per l’alimentazione e l’agricoltura (FAO) compilato da 300 scienziati, il primo sullo stato globale della biodiversità nei terreni. […] La riduzione dell’impatto dell’inquinamento ambientale, alla base della perdita di biodiversità e della distruzione degli habitat naturali, è anche al centro del Piano d’azione ‘Azzerare l’inquinamento atmosferico, idrico e del suolo’, recentemente adottato della Commissione europea.
Il piano d’azione della Commissione Europea, che ha come deadline il 2030, si propone obiettivi ambiziosi, tra i quali:
migliorare la qualità dell’aria in modo da ridurre del 55 % il numero di morti premature causate dall’inquinamento atmosferico;
migliorare la qualità dell’acqua riducendo i rifiuti, i rifiuti di plastica in mare (del 50 %) e le microplastiche rilasciate nell’ambiente (del 30 %);
migliorare la qualità del suolo riducendo del 50 % le perdite di nutrienti e l’uso di pesticidi chimici;
ridurre del 25 % gli ecosistemi dell’UE in cui l’inquinamento atmosferico minaccia la biodiversità;
ridurre in modo significativo la produzione di rifiuti e del 50 % i rifiuti urbani residui.
Anche se spesso non ci si pensa, c’è un enorme serbatoio di biodiversità che vive sotto terra ed è importante come quella in superficie per la produzione di cibo, la purificazione dell’acqua e il contrasto ai cambiamenti climatici. Gli equilibri del sottosuolo sono fondamentali per la vita, ecco perché in occasione della giornata mondiale dedicata alla biodiversità, abbiamo voluto riportare l’attenzione sugli ecosistemi più nascosti. L’agroecologia, che si basa sull’interazione tra le migliori pratiche ambientali, un alto livello di biodiversità e la salvaguardia delle risorse naturali, è fondamentale per preservare la fertilità e la salute delle specie che vivono nei terreni, preziose anche per trasformare i rifiuti in sostanze nutritive. In linea con il Piano d’azione e con le politiche green europee, il biologico, escludendo l’uso di fertilizzanti, fitofarmaci e altre sostanze chimiche di sintesi che possono avere effetti dannosi, punta a tutelare il benessere delle piante e di tutti gli esseri viventi del Pianeta – ha dichiarato Maria Grazia Mammuccini, Presidente FederBio.
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