Sotto i ghiacci (o quello che rimane) del Polo Nord è intrappolato un potente gas serra. Intrappolato ancora per poco perché il metano, è di questo che si tratta, sta per fuoriuscire del tutto, con la sua mole 25 volte più dannosa della CO2.
A lanciare l’allarme è un nuovo studio pubblicato su Science Advances, che parte da un dato: all’incirca un terzo del carbonio presente sul Pianeta, intrappolato nel Mar Glaciale Artico sotto forma di metano e CO2, è sul punto di liberarsi in atmosfera.
Se il permafrost si scioglie a causa del riscaldamento globale è proprio questa la conseguenza che ci dovevamo attendere: il metano intrappolato in bolle al suo interno esce fuori, entra in atmosfera e accresce in un circolo vizioso ulteriormente l’effetto serra.
Il permafrost si sta sciogliendo
Nel Mar Glaciale Artico, il riscaldamento climatico sta sciogliendo il permafrost: la temperatura media annua nel circolo polare artico è passata dai -2°C del 1880, ai circa +1.75°C di fine 2019.
Per capire a cosa l’Artico in questo momento stia andando incontro, gli studiosi hanno usato le misurazioni dei flussi di metano atmosferico acquisite durante la spedizione scientifica internazionale Swerus-C3: la nave rompighiaccio svedese Oden ha percorso circa 6mila chilometri attraverso il Mar Glaciale Artico, partendo dalla città di Tromsø nell’estremo Nord della Norvegia, per arrivare a Barrow, in Alaska.
Lungo il viaggio, i ricercatori hanno dimostrato l’esistenza di alcuni hotspot in cui le emissioni di metano hanno picchi fino a 25 volte più elevati rispetto alla media, in aree ben localizzate nei Mari di Laptev, dei Ciukci e della Siberia orientale.
Si tratta di posti in cui delle “bolle di metano” esplodono in atmosfera man mano che vengono portate in superficie dallo scioglimento del ghiaccio: è il cosiddetto termocarsismo, che però secondo gli scienziati non è ancora rilevante a livello globale e a un ritmo non ancora elevato.
Ma quello stesso termocarsismo, sta provocando, secondo studio pubblicato su Nature Geosciences, dei grandi buchi appaiono nel terreno, provocando frane e facendo cascare alberi. Pensiamo che la tundra ne sia priva, ma in realtà l’area è coperta da foreste boreali. E il panorama sta cambiando drasticamente nel giro di mesi.
Le superfici si bucherellano e somigliano a quelle che si trovano nelle regioni carsiche: nel momento in cui il ghiaccio che tratteneva il terreno si scioglie, il suolo subisce un collasso e si formano veri e propri buchi che si riempiono d’acqua (alimentando lo scioglimento).
Tutto ciò, secondo i dati, poco più di un secolo fa accadeva solo in una superficie di 905 chilometri quadrati, il 5% della regione artica e, secondo gli studiosi, se non cambierà nulla il termocarsismo potrà triplicare e i chilometri potranno diventare 1,6 milioni entro il 2100 e 2,5 entro il 2300. L’Artico diverrà così un autentico colabrodo.
Fonti: Science Advances / News Week / Nature Geosciences
Tratto da: GreenMe
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