Oltre il 40% degli italiani facenti parte campione rappresentativo preso in esame ha riportato un peggioramento dei sintomi ansiosi e depressivi durante il lockdown dello scorso anno
Ansia, depressione, mancanza di fiato, smarrimento. No, non è andato proprio tutto bene: il lockdown dell’anno scorso ci costa ancora caro e amaro e a pagare le peggiori conseguenze sono le donne. Il primo studio consortile trasversale condotto in Italia su un campione rappresentativo di adulti fotografa tutte le enormi implicazioni che le chiusure dovute al Covid-19 hanno portato alla nostra salute mentale. E il quadro non è affatto confortante.
Già nei mesi scorsi, parecchie stime avevano suggerito che l’isolamento sociale e la crisi economica dovute alle misure restrittive avrebbero portato ad un aumento di disturbi come ansia e depressione, ora secondo i risultati del primo studio rappresentativo della popolazione italiana adulta (su oltre 6mila soggetti) pubblicati sul Journal of Affective Disorders da un consorzio di ricercatori di ISS, Università di Genova e Pavia e Istituto Mario Negri, emerge un quadro ancora più netto: la prevalenza a livello nazionale dei sintomi depressivi e ansiosi è raddoppiata, arrivando a colpire più di un terzo della popolazione adulta generale, mentre il ricorso ad almeno un farmaco psicotropo – principalmente ansiolitici/benzodiazepine – è aumentato del 20%.
In più, le donne hanno peggiorato più frequentemente la loro salute mentale, rispetto agli uomini, e un peggioramento dei sintomi depressivi è stato osservato più probabilmente nei giovani, negli attuali ed ex fumatori, nei giocatori d’azzardo.
Lo studio
Nell’ambito del progetto Lost in Italy, lo studio trasversale è stato condotto sul web su un campione rappresentativo di 6003 adulti italiani di età compresa tra 18 e 74 anni reclutati dal 27 aprile al 3 maggio 2020.
La prevalenza dei sintomi depressivi è aumentata dal 14,3% di prima del lockdown al 33,2% durante il lockdown, i sintomi di ansia sono passati dal 18,1% al 41,5%, sonno insufficiente (meno di 6 al giorno) dal 33,7% al 41,1%, sonno insoddisfacente dal 17,0% al 38,8% e qualità della vita insoddisfacente dal 13,1% al 42,1%. In totale, il 64,1% ha peggiorato la qualità della vita. Inoltre, è stata trovata una relazione statisticamente significativa con tutti gli esiti di salute mentale considerati per le donne rispetto agli uomini, per i fumatori attuali rispetto ai non fumatori e con l’aumento dell’attività fisica (p per trend<0,001 per tutti gli indicatori).
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Seid non è morto per il razzismo ma per depressione da lockdown. Le parole della mamma
Infine, l’uso di almeno uno psicofarmaco è aumentato del 20% rispetto al pre-lockdown (dal 9,5% all’11,4%).
I dati in nostro possesso sono molto solidi e parlano chiaro – commenta Andrea Amerio, ricercatore psichiatra dell’Università di Genova e primo autore dello studio – l’utilizzo di psicofarmaci, prevalentemente ansiolitici, è aumentato del 20% rispetto al periodo pre-lockdown e tutti gli indicatori di salute mentale sono peggiorati. Questo è un trend che riscontriamo anche nella pratica clinica quotidiana, dove i nostri reparti si stanno facendo carico già da molti mesi di un aumentato bisogno di assistenza.
Lo studio europeo
Ma non finisce qui. Un altro studio conferma che nemmeno a livello europeo ce la caviamo meglio.
Da uno studio condotto in 27 Paesi europei dai ricercatori del King’s College di Londra e dell’Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute e pubblicato su The Lancet Public Health si evince che più del 6% degli europei soffre di depressione.
Per la precisione, il 6,4% della popolazione europea soffre di depressione, una cifra nettamente superiore a quella stimata dall’Organizzazione Mondiale della Sanità, che ha calcolato la prevalenza di questa patologia nella regione europea al 4,2%. La depressione è considerata una delle principali cause di disabilità in tutto il mondo, poiché aumenta il rischio di morte prematura, diminuisce la qualità della vita ed è un pesante fardello per i sistemi sanitari. In effetti, si stima che possa colpire più di 300 milioni di persone in tutto il mondo.
Fonti: Journal of Affective Disorders / Istituto Mario Negri / The Lancet Public Health / GreenMe
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