A metà luglio è stato approvato dalla Camera, come al solito a larghissima maggioranza, il decreto di rifinanziamento delle missioni militari all’estero presentato dal governo Draghi.
Il Decreto prevede e finanzia circa 40 missioni internazionali in tre continenti: 38 erano già in corso nel 2020, mentre due saranno inaugurate quest’anno. Il personale militare dispiegato all’estero raggiunge le 9.449 unità, un numero del 26% superiore a quello del 2020 nonostante la fine della missione Nato in Afghanistan.
Tra le attività confermate per l’anno 2021 risultano ancora quelle nell’area balcanica, con la KFOR in Kosovo – attualmente a guida italiana – nel contesto della missione NATO Joint Enterprise, poi ci sono altri 8 diversi dispositivi multi-area nell’area europea, tra cui l’Operazione Mare Sicuro nel Mediterraneo.
Ma tra le novità più importanti –ed inquietanti – c’è l’operazione di sicurezza marittima nello Stretto di Hormuz che collega il Golfo di Oman al Golfo Persico. La missione rientra nella più ampia iniziativa politico-militare Emasoh, a guida francese, che attualmente riunisce otto Paesi europei. Il contributo italiano per ora è limitato al dispiegamento di un dispositivo aeronavale per lo svolgimento di attività di presenza, sorveglianza e sicurezza nell’area interessata. Si tratta di un teatro a rischio escalation tra Iran e Arabia Saudita, dove le unità navali europee, per ora, hanno un profilo poco più che simbolico.
L’altra missione militare che costituisce un elemento di novità sarà invece il ritorno di soldati italiani in Somalia, dove l’Italia prenderà parte alla missione Onu Unsom ufficialmente mirata al “supporto delle istituzioni locali per l’istituzione di pace e stabilità”.
Ma questa nuova missione va ad incrementare la già consistente presenza italiana nell’area, dove sono in corso da oltre un decennio le missioni europee Eunavfor Atlanta, Eutm Somalia– attualmente sotto la guida italiana – ed Eucap Somalia.
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Ci sono poi le missioni militari in Medio Oriente, con 9 missioni italiane già in corso, e dal 2022 assumerà nuove responsabilità. In Iraq, l’Italia continuerà a supportare le istituzioni di sicurezza locali, sia nell’ambito della cosiddetta Coalizione internazionale per il contrasto all’Isis sia nel contesto della ben più ridotta Euam Iraq. Ma a partire da maggio 2022, l’Italia prenderà sarà alla guida della Nato Mission Iraq, mirata non solo all’addestramento e assistenza delle autorità locali nella lotta all’Isis, ma anche al rafforzamento del controllo dei confini nazionali e al ripristino della sovranità statale dell’Iraq.
In Libano le missioni militari italiane proseguono anche dopo la conclusione della Emergenza Cedri, con il confermato rinnovo dell’Operazione Leonte – inserita nel più ampio contesto della missione Onu Unifil, ora di nuovo a guida italiana – che vede adesso l’Italia impegnata, oltre che sul territorio, anche in attività di ricognizione nelle coste libanesi.
Ma il teatro nel quale è sono venute crescendo esponenzialmente le missioni militari italiane è l’Africa, la quale si conferma come il continente in cui l’Italia è maggiormente coinvolta, con ben 17 missioni in corso. Tra le attività più rilevanti in termini di stanziamento di unità e risorse economiche figurano la Task Force Takuba, per il contrasto della minaccia terroristica nella regione del Sahel (con militari italiani in Niger e Mali) e l’impiego di un dispositivo aeronavale nazionale nel Golfo di Guinea per il monitoraggio dell’area.
Sulla “Quarta Sponda” il dibattito sul rinnovo delle missioni, è stato dedicato un po’ più vivace sull’operazione di supporto italiano alle istituzioni libiche preposte al controllo dei confini marittimi, rispetto al quale si verificano sistematiche violazioni di diritti umani, abusi e violenze. Negli ultimi quattro anni, l’Italia ha investito ingenti risorse nell’equipaggiamento, l’addestramento e il supporto tecnico alle autorità di Tripoli, anche tramite l’invio di decine di militari – oltre ad una nave officina – nella base libica di Abu Sitta
Secondo la newsletter Affari Internazionali, con il rinnovo delle operazioni già in atto e l’inaugurazione di quelle in Somalia e Medio Oriente, “l’Italia intende assicurare, e se possibile, potenziare la propria presenza militare e politica in alcune delle aree che il Governo considera di maggiore rilievo strategico per il Paese”.
Aree comprese, in quello che nella visione italiana viene ormai definita come la regione del “Mediterraneo allargato” alla quale fa esplicito riferimento la delibera del Consiglio dei ministri sulle missioni militari all’estero.
Si tratta di una regione sulla quale gli Usa stanno dimostrando meno interesse che in passato, preoccupati di più dall’intervento nell’area dell’Indo-Pacifico, un cambiamento che ha posto agli interessi strategici italiani la necessità di ripensare il proprio approccio.
Tratto da: Contropiano.org
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