Di Roberta De Carolis
Ormai è ufficiale: il governo giapponese ha deciso di rilasciare in mare l’acqua radioattiva della centrale nucleare di Fukushima, nonostante le proteste di pescatori e associazioni ambientaliste.
Due giorni fa, 13 aprile, in una riunione del Consiglio dei Ministri, dopo oltre sette anni di discussioni su come scaricare l’acqua utilizzata per raffreddare il combustibile fuso nello stabilimento di Fukushima Daiichi, è stato ufficialmente deciso di rilasciare l’acqua radioattiva nell’Oceano Pacifico.
Gli esperti giapponesi hanno dichiarato che non vi sarebbero problemi di sicurezza nonostante l’opposizione dei pescatori locali e dei paesi vicini.
Secondo il governo giapponese l’acqua trattata contenente trizio radioattivo, un sottoprodotto dei reattori nucleari, rappresenta solo un piccolo rischio per la salute umana perché, anche bevendo l’acqua, non sarebbe realistico un vero accumulo dell’elemento, che presto sarebbe comunque escreto, vista anche la sua bassa concentrazione. Non vi sarebbe inoltre alcun rischio di esposizione esterna anche se l’acqua viene a contatto con la pelle.
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Il Governo ha fatto sapere che il piano sarà attuato:
“assicurando al contempo che gli standard di sicurezza siano superati con un ampio margine e vengano intraprese misure decise per prevenire danni alla reputazione per l’industria della pesca”
Tuttavia restano molto preoccupati importanti esponenti dell’industria della pesca che hanno definito la decisione “estremamente deplorevole” e “assolutamente inaccettabile” e i consumatori del Giappone, nonché i paesi vicini come Corea del Sud e Cina, che protestano a gran voce.
“La fuoriuscita di materiale radioattivo causata dall’incidente nucleare di Fukushima in Giappone ha avuto un profondo impatto sull’ambiente marino, sulla sicurezza alimentare e sulla salute umana – commenta il portavoce del ministero degli Esteri cinese Zhao Lijian – […] Il governo giapponese dovrebbe divulgare informazioni adeguate e prendere una decisione attenta basata sulla piena consultazione con i Paesi vicini”.
Preoccupazioni anche dalla Corea del Sud, che esprime perplessità anche sulla trasparenza delle operazioni.
“Abbiamo sempre sottolineato che il governo giapponese ha bisogno di trattare in modo trasparente le informazioni su come gestisce l’acqua contaminata” afferma il Ministro degli Esteri della Corea del Sud.
Ma a nulla sono valse, a quanto pare, le opposizioni: il governo ha detto che non può continuare a rinviare una decisione sullo smaltimento, dato che la capacità di stoccaggio dei serbatoi d’acqua nel complesso di Fukushima dovrebbe esaurirsi già nell’autunno del prossimo anno.
Parliamo di 900 enormi serbatoi di acqua radioattiva della centrale nucleare di Fukushima, per i quali il Giappone aveva chiesto un parere a un gruppo di esperti che avevano confermato come l’unica soluzione fosse proprio lo smaltimento in acqua con le dovute accortezze.
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Il Governo sostiene comunque la necessità di garantire lo spazio nei locali, per conservare tra le altre cose i detriti di combustibile fuso che verranno estratti dai reattori danneggiati, per poi proseguire con il processo decennale di demolizione del complesso.
Secondo la Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings Inc, che gestisce l’impianto, ci vorranno circa due anni prima che inizi lo scarico. Durante i quali, promette il Giappone, tutto sarà effettuato in trasparenza e in pieno accordo con i Paesi vicini.
Anche l’Agenzia internazionale per l’energia atomica ha sostenuto il piano per rilasciare l’acqua triziata, con il direttore generale Rafael Grossi che afferma che è scientificamente valido e in linea con la pratica standard nell’industria nucleare di tutto il mondo.
Ma il Pianeta sarà d’accordo?
Fonti di riferimento: Kyodo News, GreenMe
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