Di Sabrina Del Fico
Continua il depauperamento del ‘polmone verde’ del nostro Pianeta. Secondo un report dell’ONG Imazon, negli ultimi 12 mesi si è segnato un +57% nel fenomeno di deforestazione dell’Amazzonia, grazie alle scriteriate azioni politiche del presidente Bolsonaro.
Sempre più fuori controllo la piaga della deforestazione della foresta amazzonica, il polmone verde della Terra. L’organizzazione non governativa Imazon, che da anni si occupa di monitorare lo stato di salute della foresta, fotografa una situazione gravissima. In un solo anno, tra agosto 2020 e luglio 2021, il disboscamento ha distrutto una superficie record di 10.476 km2 (nove volte la superficie della città di Rio de Janeiro) – un aumento del 57% rispetto alla deforestazione registrata nello stesso periodo dell’anno precedente.
Solo nel luglio di quest’anno, l’Amazzonia ha perso un’area di foresta più grande di quella della città di San Paolo e, rispetto al luglio dello scorso anno, il tasso di deforestazione ha subito un balzo in avanti dell’80% (+2.095 km2). I dati sono stati ottenuti attraverso il Deforestation Alert System (SAD) di Imazon, che utilizza immagini satellitari e radar per monitorare l’Amazzonia dal 2008. In relazione agli stati, il Pará ha avuto la maggior deforestazione a luglio, con 771 km² di foresta distrutti; il Pará è stato anche lo stato con la più grande area disboscata negli ultimi 12 mesi: 4.147 km², il 43% in più rispetto a quanto registrato nel calendario precedente.
Nel Pará, il 48% dell’area forestale distrutta a luglio era concentrato in sole quattro città: Altamira, São Félix do Xingu, Itaituba e Novo Progresso. Si tratta di comuni critici che dovrebbero ricevere azioni prioritarie per combattere la deforestazione, poiché sono regioni che da anni sono tra le più deforestate dell’Amazzonia – spiega Antônio Fonseca, ricercatore di Imazon.
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Se i governi smettessero di danneggiare la natura, si creerebbero milioni di posti di lavoro
Il secondo stato brasiliano più colpito dal fenomeno della deforestazione è stato quello di Amazonas (nella regione amazzonica meridionale), seguito a sua volta da Rondônia:
Il Mato Grosso, per molti anni, è stato tra gli stati che più hanno deforestato in Amazzonia, principalmente a causa della conversione della foresta per piantare grano – spiegano ancora i volontari della ONG. – Tuttavia, a partire dal 2019, Amazonas occupa il secondo posto nella classifica, indicando uno sp
ostamento del disboscamento da aree consolidate a regioni con più foreste disponibili: la scarsità di vaste aree forestali in regioni precedentemente devastate ha portato un cambiamento nella deforestazione.
La foresta sta morendo, e il governo brasiliano del presidente Bolsonaro non sta facendo nulla per salvarla. Solo un paio di mesi fa, il ministro dell’Ambiente Ricardo Salles era stato costretto a dimettersi perché coinvolto in un traffico illegale di legname. A fine giugno, il presidente ha dispiegato le forze dell’esercito per provare a fermare chi abbatte alberi illegalmente – con il solo risultato di intimidire e allontanare le ONG locali che invece si muovono per difendere la foresta.
Ma aldilà di queste mosse eclatanti, che attirano l’attenzione dei media e dell’opinione pubblica, in realtà è in atto un vero e proprio ‘negoziato’ del governo brasiliano con diverse potenze mondiali (tra cui Stati Uniti, Regno Unito, Norvegia) per mettere una tassa sull’Amazzonia: un miliardo di dollari all’anno per fermare la deforestazione.
Intanto la foresta continua a bruciare e ad essere violata dalle motoseghe di speculatori senza scrupoli. Un recente studio ha dimostrato come la foresta amazzonica sia stata ormai compromessa per sempre e sia incapace di svolgere il suo ruolo di ‘deposito’ di anidride carbonica – finendo invece per disperdere il diossido di carbonio nell’atmosfera al pari di industrie e centri abitati.
Tratto da: GreenMe
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